Plasmonic photovoltaics (PVs) are promising structures that improve thin-film photovoltaics performance, where optical absorption is improved via embedding metallic nanoparticles in the PV's active layer to trap the incident optical wave into the photovoltaic cell. The presented work investigates the design of PV with both structures of conical and cylindrical metallic nanoparticles through studying their extinction cross-sections and electric field distributions. Also, the impact of these nanoparticles in silicon PVs on the optical absorption enhancement is investigated. The figure of merit

This paper introduces a study of fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller applied to a DC motor. The idea is to control the motor speed using the FOPID and compare it with the conventional PID controller. Two approximation techniques are employed to realize the FOPID, which are Matsuda and Oustaloup, each with order four. Different responses are depicted for various fractional orders. A specific case study for controlling the speed of a DC motor is investigated with selected fractional-orders. A comparison between the two applied techniques is proposed on the case study to determine which

In this paper, complete analysis and design for fractional-order oscillators based on double Op-Amp are presented. The fractional order parameters enrich the oscillator design by offering the extra degree of freedom which adds more flexibility to the design. Two oscillators with double op-Amp are introduced. The oscillation frequency, condition, phase difference and the characteristic equation for each exhibited oscillator circuit are deduced in terms of the state matrix elements and the fractional order parameters. MATLAB simulations are discussed to validate the effect of the fractional

In this work, a novel implementation of a tunable fractional-order bandpass filter of order 2α is proposed. The transfer function of the presented filter is approximated using the second-order Continued Fraction Expansion (CFE) approximation technique. The filter transfer function is realized using the Inverse Follow the Leader Feedback (IFLF) structure. The Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTAs) are used to implement the filter circuit. Furthermore, the proposed filter is tunable by varying the value of only one bias current, which adjust the value of α. The simulations are performed

Recently, memristive oscillators are a significant topic in the nonlinear circuit theory where there is a possibility to build relaxation oscillators without existence of reactive elements. In this paper, a family of voltage-controlled memristor-based relaxation oscillator including two memristors is presented. The operation of two memristors-based voltage relaxation oscillator circuits is demonstrated theoretically with the mathematical analysis and with numerical simulations. The generalized expressions for the oscillation frequency and conditions are derived for different cases, where a

Waveguide photodetectors are considered as a promising candidate for high speed photodetection where the tradeoff between the transit time bandwidth and the quantum efficiency is overcome as the incident optical signal and the photogenerated carriers move in perpendicular directions. In WG-Avalanche Photodetectors (WG-APDs), the avalanche multiplication gain enhances the photocurrent of the photodiodes. In these photodiodes, the inaccuracies in the ionizations coefficients of the photogenerated electrons and holes and in the dimensions of the multiplication layer affect the multiplication gain

Recently, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibits tremendous power conversion efficiency and has shown enhanced figures of merit being secured regarding cell stability. In this paper, perovskite solar cell with Zno electron injection layer is presented. The humidity degradation of the perovskite active layer and the efficiency of the cell is observed under several conditions. Using ZnO as a planner electron injection layer (EIL) instead of TiO2, the efficiency of the device significantly improved, showing low-resistance shunting pathways. Also, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been used as a

Plasmonic Photovoltaics are considered as a promising candidate for enhancing the optical absorption by embedding metallic nanoparticles that confine the incident light in the cell. This results in thin-film PVs with improved efficiency. In this paper, the effects of embedding both conical and cylindrical metal nanoparticles in plasmonic PVs are investigated. The extinction cross sections for these designs are calculated. The improvement of the optical absorption of the solar cell due to these nanoparticles is proved and compared. Finally, the effects of the design parameters of these

Tolerance variations of the design parameters of the photonic crystals due to fabrication processes have a strong effect on the performance of the photonic crystals and their operating wavelengths. In this work, the uncertainties of the design parameters of one-dimensional photonic crystals (1D-PCs) and their impacts on the PCs optical properties and the operating performance are investigated. The effects of these uncertainties for different tolerances are studied for both defect-free PCs and PCs with a defect air layer. The probability distribution function and the standard deviations of the

Carrier mobility for quantum dot infrared photodetectors is considered as one of the critical parameters to determine many important device’s performance parameters such as the electrical conductivity, drift velocity, dark current and photocurrent. In this paper a complete theoretical model of the carrier mobility for semispherical quantum dot structures is developed. This model is based on the solution of Boltzmann transport equation all over the device. A parametric study of the effects of the QD density and the dimensions of the QD on the carrier mobility is investigated. Finally, the