A general emulator for fractional-order memristive elements with multiple pinched points and application

In this paper, X-controlled universal fractional-order memelements (FOMEs) emulator is proposed. The emulation circuit is realized using second-generation current conveyor (CCII) and analog voltage multiplier (AVM)/divider block with two switches to control the type of memelements and emulator mode. The effect of the fractional-order capacitor (FOC) on the pinched hysteresis loop (HL) area and the range of frequency is discussed at different fractional-order α. Additionally, the higher-order meminductor, memristor, memcapacitor, and inverse memristor are discussed presenting multiple pinched points (MPPs) in the φ-i,i-v,q-v,i-v plane, respectively. The circuit simulations for the proposed emulators have been verified using PSPICE simulations and validated experimentally at different orders. Finally, the proposed emulator is employed in Chua's chaotic oscillator as an application investigating the effect of fractional-order on the chaotic response. © 2020 Elsevier GmbH