The amount of solid waste is growing In Egypt. It is estimated to be 20 million tons annually according to the Ministry of environment forecasts. The typical competence of collection in urban areas signifies 40 – 80%, although the middling proficiency of assortment processes and transport in rustic areas signifies 40 % which is considered hazardous for communal health and environment deprived of handling solid waste in integrated framework for solid waste management system. The reprocessing and treatment procedures in Egypt represent about 9.5 % of the entire urban solid waste, which is

Synthetic plastics are extensively used in several applications including packaging, containers, bottles, trays, and boxes. However, these plastics are based on synthetic components which are not biodegradable, thus they rigorously effect the environment causing water, air pollution and high health risks. Moreover, Individuals are exposed to chemicals during manufacturing or usage of synthetic plastic that can easily migrate to the surrounding such as styrene from polystyrene, plasticizers from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), antioxidants from polyethylene, and acetaldehyde from polyethylene

Uncertainty on the condition of the weather always give a major headache to the agricultural industry as the cultivated plant that is grown on a large scale commercially rely on the condition of the weather. Therefore, to reduce the interdependency on the weather itself, a recommendation to develop a prototypic mobile robot for smart irrigation is submitted. Smart irrigation system is an essential tool from yield point of view and scarcity of the water. This smart irrigation system adopts a soil moisture sensor to measure the moisture content of the soil and automatically provide a signal to

In the use of automatic control and its optimization methods, this research discusses how Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is used to provide a smooth auto-parking for an electrical autonomous car. Different tuning methods are shown, discussed, and applied to the system looking forward to enhancing its performance. Time domain specifications are used as a criterion of comparison between tuning methods in order to select the best tuning method to the system with a proper cost function. Results show that Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method gives the best results according

This paper illustrates the design of proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID) controller of 10 KW air heaters for achieving the set point temperature as fast as possible with minimum response overshoot. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) numerical simulations are utilized to predict the natural response of 10 KW input power for the air heater. CFD results are validated with experimental empirical correlations that insure the reliability of open loop results. The open loop response of CFD transient simulations is used to model the air heater transfer function and design the classical

A new approach is proposed to accelerate the convergence of the Lattice Boltzmann method for steady-state problems. The proposed approach uses an adaptive relaxation frequency to accelerate the convergence by assigning more weight to selected parts of the standard algorithm corresponding to different phases of the convergence to the steady-state solution. The proposed algorithm is simple, straightforward and does not impose any additional computational cost to the standard algorithm. Different simulation cases are presented with the corresponding speedup. Finally, guidelines for the selection

Oldroyd-B viscoelastic fluid is numerically simulated using the stabilized Galerkin least squares finite element method. The instabilities due to the connective nature of the Oldroyd-B model is treated using the discrete viscous elastic split stress method. The model is used to study the behavior of the flow of blood through an abdominal aortic segment. The results show that the viscoelastic nature of the blood should be considered specially at low shear rates. © The Author(s) 2019.

A Hydro-Kinematic approach is proposed for the design of compact corrugated plate interceptors (CPIs) for the de-oiling of produced water. For a given set of design targets of a specific flow rate, maximum retention time and minimum captured oil droplet diameter, the Hydro-Kinematic approach proposes a systematic way to determine the CPI unit dimensions and operating conditions with the minimum volume and area per unit input flow rate. The approach takes into account the hydrodynamic constraints in the design of the CPI imposed by the behavior of the dispersed oil droplets in response to the

An exact analytical solution in closed form is obtained for a two-dimensional initial-boundary-value problem of heat wave propagation in a thick slab of an anisotropic rigid thermal conductor within the dual-phase-lag model. One-sided Fourier transform technique is used to obtain a formal solution. The method requires an essential change of the dependent variable in order to guarantee a suitable asymptotic time behavior of the unknown function. The solution satisfies prescribed boundary temperatures and zero initial conditions. Numerical results are presented to put in evidence the effect of

The current work is concerned with the study of wave propagation in a half-space of a piezo-thermoelastic material under a bias tangential magnetic field within dual-phase-lag (DPL). This is relevant to the design and performance of piezoelectric devices working under a bias magnetic field, for example, the DC magnetic field piezoelectric sensors widely used in various areas of technology. The characteristic time for the problem under consideration is in the range of picoseconds, which is comparable to the thermal relaxation times in many metals. Exact analytic expressions for the mechanical