There are many water resources like rivers, seas, rains, and groundwater, which can be used in different sectors such as agricultural, domestic, and industrial uses. Therefore, different wastewater effluents with different properties are produced depending on their source. Industrial wastewater is one of the most harmful effluents due to the presence of toxic pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, and other toxic substances. Usually, water is used in different industries for different internal processes, and then the resulting wastewater is discharged without treatment into the water resources

The dog was probably the first domesticated animal. Despite extensive archaeological and genetic investigations, the origin and the evolution of the extant dogs are still being debated. Dog breeds that have over time been selected for hunting share common ancestral traits. This study represents the first comprehensive attempt to survey at the genomic and mitochondrial level eight hound-like dogs breeds indigenous to the Mediterranean Basin to determine if they share common ancient origins. Results from the microsatellite analysis indicate that all the dog populations have a low inbreeding

Capsaicin is the primary capsaicinoid compound responsible for the spiciness of chilli peppers. Several known and unknown genes synthesize capsaicin through various metabolic pathways, such as the phenylpropanoid or the L-valine metabolism pathways. We conducted comprehensive comparative genomics and proteomics analyses to identify genes and proteins associated with the capsaicin pathway in Capsicum chinense, Capsicum baccatum and the two C.annuum cultivars, CM334 and ECW. A BLAST search against the NCBI database identified 26 and 58 enzyme genes and proteins, respectively. These enzyme genes

Adulteration of vinegar to gain economic benefit has become a common practice in recent years. RP-HPLC strategies were proposed for the assurance of the concentration of acetic acid, rare organic acids (tartaric, malic, lactic and citric), and acetaldehyde in Egyptian vinegar samples. The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min using UV detection at 210 and 365 nm for organic acid and acetaldehyde, respectively. The linearity was 0.05-0.60 g/100 mL for acetic acid, 0.01-0.12 g/100 mL for citric, malic, and tartaric acids, 0.005-0.060 g/100 mL for lactic acid, and 0.02-0.16 mg/L for acetaldehyde with r2 > 0

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a grain crop that is an important source of protein, vitamins, carbohydrates and minerals. It is highly sensitive to salt stress, and salt damage to cellular homeostasis and protein folding affects production. Plants have several mechanisms to prevent cellular damages under abiotic stresses, such as proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (protein isulfide somerases (PDIs) and PDI-like proteins), which help prevent the build-up of mis-folded proteins that are damaged under abiotic stresses. In this study, we completed initial comprehensive genome-wide analysis of

Domesticated strawberry is susceptible to sudden frost episodes, limiting the productivity of this cash crop in regions where they are grown during early spring. In contrast, the ancestral woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) has successfully colonized many habitats of the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, this species seems to harbour genetic factors promoting cold tolerance. Screening a germplasm established in the frame of the German Gene Bank for Crop Wild Relatives, we identified, among 70 wild accessions, a pair with contrasting cold tolerance. By following the physiological, biochemical

Water contamination with colours and heavy metals from textile effluents has harmed the ecology and food chain, with mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on human health. As a result, removing these harmful chemicals is critical for the environment and human health. Various standard physicochemical and biological treatment technologies are used; however, there are still some difficulties. Adsorption is described as a highly successful technology for removing contaminants from textile-effluents wastewater compared to other methods. Several adsorbent materials, including nanomaterials, natural

Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI), bimetallic Nano zero-valent iron-copper (Fe 0- Cu), and fava bean activated carbon-supported with bimetallic Nano zero-valent iron-copper (AC-F e 0-Cu) were prepared and characterized by DLS, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM. The influence of the synthesized adsorbents on the adsorption and removal of soluble anionic methyl orange (M.O) dye was investigated using UV-V spectroscopy. The influence of numerous operational parameters was studied at varied pH (3–9), time intervals (15–180 min), and dye concentrations (25–1000 ppm) to establish the best removal conditions. The

Water contamination with paints causes a colour agent to the water that negatively affects the environment, organisms, and humans. Different physicochemical processes are applied for wastewater treatment; however, they have many drawbacks such as high cost, generating toxic waste, and non-effective at low concentrations. Adsorption is considered a promising technique for pollutant removal from polluted wastewater. Commercial activated carbon, nano-materials, and natural biological materials are used as adsorbents in adsorption. This chapter focuses on discussing the adsorption process, the

Aim The aim of this research was to study serum vitamin D and micro-ribonucleic acid-146a (miRNA-146a) expression in dry eye disease (DED) associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their clinical correlations to DED parameters. Setting and design This is an observational cross-sectional study that was conducted at Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Patients and methods The study participants were divided into three groups: group A, DED/RA (n=35); group B, non-DED/RA (n=36); and group C, non-DED/non-RA (n=35). All participants were assessed for ocular surface disease index, tear breakup time